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This number can be seen as equal to the one of the first definition, independently of any of the formulas below to compute it: if in each of the n factors of the power (1 + X) n one temporarily labels the term X with an index i (running from 1 to n), then each subset of k indices gives after expansion a contribution X k, and the coefficient of ...
(For example, two-fifths is the fraction 2 / 5 and two fifths is the same fraction understood as 2 instances of 1 / 5 .) Fractions should always be hyphenated when used as adjectives. Alternatively, a fraction may be described by reading it out as the numerator over the denominator, with the denominator expressed as a cardinal ...
The number may be expressed as n = 50 − a so its square is (50−a) 2 = 50 2 − 100a + a 2. One knows that 50 2 is 2500. So one subtracts 100a from 2500, and then add a 2. For example, say one wants to square 48, which is 50 − 2. One subtracts 200 from 2500 and add 4, and get n 2 = 2304.
The golden ratio φ and its negative reciprocal −φ −1 are the two roots of the quadratic polynomial x 2 − x − 1. The golden ratio's negative −φ and reciprocal φ −1 are the two roots of the quadratic polynomial x 2 + x − 1. The golden ratio is also an algebraic number and even an algebraic integer.
For example, 1 / 4 , 5 / 6 , and −101 / 100 are all irreducible fractions. On the other hand, 2 / 4 is reducible since it is equal in value to 1 / 2 , and the numerator of 1 / 2 is less than the numerator of 2 / 4 . A fraction that is reducible can be reduced by dividing both the numerator ...
It is sometimes necessary to separate a continued fraction into its even and odd parts. For example, if the continued fraction diverges by oscillation between two distinct limit points p and q, then the sequence {x 0, x 2, x 4, ...} must converge to one of these, and {x 1, x 3, x 5, ...} must converge to the other.
In algebra, the partial fraction decomposition or partial fraction expansion of a rational fraction (that is, a fraction such that the numerator and the denominator are both polynomials) is an operation that consists of expressing the fraction as a sum of a polynomial (possibly zero) and one or several fractions with a simpler denominator.
The proof of the general Leibniz rule [2]: 68–69 proceeds by induction. Let f {\displaystyle f} and g {\displaystyle g} be n {\displaystyle n} -times differentiable functions. The base case when n = 1 {\displaystyle n=1} claims that: ( f g ) ′ = f ′ g + f g ′ , {\displaystyle (fg)'=f'g+fg',} which is the usual product rule and is known ...