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Typical O-ring and application. An O-ring, also known as a packing or a toric joint, is a mechanical gasket in the shape of a torus; it is a loop of elastomer with a round cross-section, designed to be seated in a groove and compressed during assembly between two or more parts, forming a seal at the interface.
A negative aspect of the patent law also emerged in this period – the abuse of patent privilege to monopolise the market and prevent improvement from other inventors. A notable example of this was the behaviour of Boulton & Watt in hounding their competitors such as Richard Trevithick through the courts, and preventing their improvements to ...
LLP, Ladas & Parry. "A Brief History of the Patent Law of the United States". New York, 1999. Web Page. . Muir, Ian, Matthias Brandi-Dohrn, and Stephan Gruber. European Patent Law : Law and Procedure under the Epc and Pct. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. Robert B. Matchette et al. "Records of the Patent and Trademark Office".
The O-ring theory of economic development is a model of economic development put forward by Michael Kremer in 1993, [1] which proposes that tasks of production must be executed proficiently together in order for any of them to be of high value. The key feature of this model is positive assortative matching, whereby people with similar skill ...
O-ring, a gasket or seal with an O-shaped cross-section; O-ring chain, a specialized type of roller chain; Oring language, in Nigeria; Orienteering. Fox Oring; OR-ing as an operation of logical disjunction, in logic, electronics, or computer science; Ring of O, the BDSM jewelry; O-Ring theory of economic development; O-Ring failure as a cause ...
The long history of patents and strong protection of patent holders contributes to abuse of the system by patent trolls, which are largely absent in other countries. [citation needed] The US also has an extensive body of case law comprising federal court precedents that have accumulated over more than 200 years.
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Infringement includes literal infringement of a patent, meaning they are performing a prohibited act that is protected against by the patent. There is also the Doctrine of Equivalents. This doctrine protects from someone creating a product that is basically, by all rights, the same product that is protected with just a few modifications. [ 60 ]