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Chemical structure of modafinil. This page lists chemical compounds similar to modafinil, known as modafinil analogues and derivatives. These are structural analogues and derivatives of modafinil, a drug that affects dopamine levels in the brain in an unusual way (atypical dopamine reuptake inhibitor or DRI).
[1] [5] [11] Chemically, armodafinil is the enantiopure (R)-(–)-enantiomer of the racemic mixture modafinil (brand name Provigil). [1] [4] [5] Both enantiomers of modafinil are active as DRIs and wakefulness-promoting agents, but armodafinil is more potent and longer-acting. [4] [5] Armodafinil is produced by the pharmaceutical company ...
Modafinil performs moderately (but better than armodafinil or solriamfetol) [30] as a drug to overcome excessive daytime sleepiness caused by obstructive sleep apnea, [31] though it is recommended that people with apnea use continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, that is a sleep breathing apparatus to prevent apnea, before starting ...
Eugeroics, in the sense of modafinil-type wakefulness promoting agents, include modafinil itself, armodafinil, and adrafinil, among others. [9] They are medically indicated for the treatment of certain sleep disorders , including excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in narcolepsy or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
CE-158 is a highly selective DRI with much greater potency than modafinil. [ 3 ] [ 5 ] As ( S , S )-CE-158, its inhibitory potencies ( IC 50 Tooltip half-maximal inhibitory concentration ) at the monoamine transporters are 227 nM at the dopamine transporter (DAT), 11,970 nM at the norepinephrine transporter (NET) (53-fold lower), and inactive ...
Acute use (1–3 days) yields a potency about 1.5× stronger than that of morphine and chronic use (7 days+) yields a potency about 2.5 to 5× that of morphine. Similarly, the effect of tramadol increases after consecutive dosing due to the accumulation of its active metabolite and an increase of the oral bioavailability in chronic use.
Provigil is a combination of R and S isomers of modafinil. Nuvigil uses only the R isomer, with the hope that it will have longer lasting effects in the body. However, Cephalon states that it has no comparative test data on Nuvigil and Provigil, either on efficacy or patient tolerance. Both substances carry a risk of dependency and producing mania.
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