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Retributive justice is a legal concept whereby the criminal offender receives punishment proportional or similar to the crime.As opposed to revenge, retribution—and thus retributive justice—is not personal, is directed only at wrongdoing, has inherent limits, involves no pleasure at the suffering of others (i.e., schadenfreude, sadism), and employs procedural standards.
Retributive justice is perhaps best captured by the phrase lex talionis (the principle of "an eye for an eye"), which traces back to the Code of Hammurabi. Criminal law generally falls under retributive justice, a theory of justice that considers proportionate punishment a morally acceptable response to crime.
Community sentence [1] [2] or alternative sentencing or non-custodial sentence is a collective name in criminal justice for all the different ways in which courts can punish a defendant who has been convicted of committing an offense, other than through a custodial sentence (serving a jail or prison term) or capital punishment (death).
The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as indexed by Clarivate's Web of Science.
The simplest method of mirror punishment is to enact the same action upon the criminal as the criminal perpetrated upon the victim. For example, thieves have the same amount of money taken from them as they stole, one who strikes another is struck in the same way, one who willfully causes another person's death is killed, and so on.
The International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering criminology and various legal disciplines, including criminal law and the sociology of law. It was established in 1973 as the International Journal of Criminology and Penology , and in 1979, it was renamed the International Journal of the ...
Criminal Justice and Behavior is abstracted and indexed in Scopus and the Social Sciences Citation Index.According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2017 impact factor is 2.168, ranking it 15 out of 68 journals in the category "Criminology & Penology" [1] and 55 out of 127 journals in the category "Psychology, Clinical".
Nursing Inquiry is a quarterly peer-reviewed nursing journal. It was established in 1994 with Judy Parker (La Trobe University) as the founding editor-in-chief. [1] Sioban Nelson (University of Toronto) succeeded Parker in 2006. [2] It is published by John Wiley & Sons and the current editor-in-chief is Sally Thorne (University of British ...