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The goal of the study is to research the role of gene-environment interactions in influencing autism risk. [1] Scientists involved in the research have included Irva Hertz-Picciotto, serving as the study's principal investigator. The study is funded by the National Institutes of Health. [2] Over 1,000 families have participated in the study.
The amygdala, cerebellum, and many other brain regions have been implicated in autism. [15]Unlike some brain disorders which have clear molecular hallmarks that can be observed in every affected individual, such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease, autism does not have a unifying mechanism at the molecular, cellular, or systems level.
Autism Speaks – the world's largest autism advocacy organization that sponsors autism research and conducts awareness and outreach activities aimed at families, governments, and the public; some have argued that it is exploitative and unkind. Gluten-free, casein-free diet – diet that eliminates dietary intake of gluten and casein.
After a preliminary 1998 study of three children with autism treated with secretin infusion reported improved GI function and dramatic improvement in behavior, many parents sought secretin treatment and a black market for the hormone developed quickly. [116] Later studies found secretin clearly ineffective in treating autism. [117]
Actionbioscience - sponsored by the American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS) -- providing articles by scientists, science educators, and science students on issues related to seven bioscience challenges: environment, biodiversity, genomics, biotechnology, evolution, new frontiers in science, and bioscience education
In 2013, a study was published by Swiss researchers which concluded that 91% (31 out of the 34 studies reviewed) of valproic acid-autism studies using animal models had statistical flaws—specifically, they had failed to correctly use the litter as a level of statistical analysis rather than just the individual (i.e., an individual mouse or rat).
For ASD other than autism the association is much weaker: the same study reported typical levels of intelligence in about 94% of 53 children with PDD-NOS. [49] Estimates are that 40–69% of individuals with ASD have some degree of an intellectual disability, [ 31 ] with females more likely to be in severe range of an intellectual disability.
A study of 99 autistic probands which found a 2.9% concordance for autism in siblings, and between 12.4% and 20.4% concordance for a "lesser variant" of autism. [8] A study of 31 siblings of autistic children, 32 siblings of children with developmental delay, and 32 controls.