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Surveys show that 40 to 70 percent of those 65 years old and older suffer from chronic sleep disturbances. [2] The elderly tend to go to bed early in the evening and wake earlier in the morning than younger adults. Furthermore, the elderly often wake several times throughout the night and have difficulty falling asleep.
In humans, eye color is a highly sexually dimorphic trait. [18] Several studies have shown that men are more likely to have blue eyes than women, while women are more likely to have darker eye colors (green and brown eyes) than men. [18] [19] Sex is therefore a major factor in the expression of eye color genotypes. [18]
Color vision signals travel through the parvocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), later transmitting down the color regions of the ventral visual pathway. [6] Due to cone photoreceptor damage located in the macula, there is a significant reduction of visual input to the visual association cortex, stirring endogenous ...
More melanin means darker eyes, hair or skin. The color of the melanin in the eyes is determined by three other genes, EYCL1, 2 and 3. Together, they account for brown, green and blue, but not ...
People with lighter eyes also consume significantly more alcohol, as darker eyed people require less alcohol to become intoxicated. The reason boils down to genes.
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The sclera, [note 1] also known as the white of the eye or, in older literature, as the tunica albuginea oculi, is the opaque, fibrous, protective outer layer of the eye containing mainly collagen and some crucial elastic fiber. [2] In the development of the embryo, the sclera is derived from the neural crest. [3]
In the elderly, arcus senilis is a benign condition that does not require treatment. The presence of an arcus senilis in males under the age of 50 may represent a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, [ 6 ] and these individuals should be screened for an underlying lipid disorder.