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An antifreeze is an additive which lowers the freezing point of a water-based liquid. An antifreeze mixture is used to achieve freezing-point depression for cold environments. Common antifreezes also increase the boiling point of the liquid, allowing higher coolant temperature. [ 1 ]
The most common source of ethylene glycol is automotive antifreeze or radiator coolant, where concentrations are high. [9] Other sources of ethylene glycol include windshield deicing agents, brake fluid , motor oil , developing solutions for hobby photographers, wood stains , solvents, and paints. [ 9 ]
Waterless coolant is most prominently used in the cooling systems for motorsports, classic car, ATVs, UTVs, snowmobiles and older cars. [4] Older cars often have non-pressurized cooling systems, and the water-based coolant can boil and overflow. Traditionally, this issue has been solved by topping off the radiator with water. This dilutes the ...
A coolant is a substance, typically liquid, that is used to reduce or regulate the temperature of a system. An ideal coolant has high thermal capacity, low viscosity, is low-cost, non-toxic, chemically inert and neither causes nor promotes corrosion of the cooling system. Some applications also require the coolant to be an electrical insulator.
Bitterants are used in antifreeze to prevent pet and child poisonings. [1] It is required by law in some places (France, Oregon, etc.). Gas dusters often use a bitterant to discourage inhalant abuse, although this can cause problems for legitimate users. The bitterant not only leaves a bitter flavor in the air, but also leaves a bitter residue ...
According to the structure and function study on the antifreeze protein from Pseudopleuronectes americanus, [55] the antifreeze mechanism of the type-I AFP molecule was shown to be due to the binding to an ice nucleation structure in a zipper-like fashion through hydrogen bonding of the hydroxyl groups of its four Thr residues to the oxygens ...