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Bone marrow failure in both children and adults can be either inherited or acquired. Inherited bone marrow failure is often the cause in young children, while older children and adults may acquire the disease later in life. [3] Acquired bone marrow failure may be due to aplastic anemia [4] or myelodysplastic syndrome.
Transient myeloproliferative disease, renamed Transient Abnormal Myelopoiesis (TAM), [32] is the abnormal proliferation of a clone of noncancerous megakaryoblasts in the liver and bone marrow.
Bone marrow is a semi-solid tissue found within the spongy (also known as cancellous) portions of bones. [2] In birds and mammals, bone marrow is the primary site of new blood cell production (or haematopoiesis). [3] It is composed of hematopoietic cells, marrow adipose tissue, and supportive stromal cells.
A significant increase in the proportion of apoptotic cells in the bone marrow of aplastic anemia patients has been demonstrated. This suggests that cytokine-induced and Fas-mediated apoptosis play roles in bone marrow failure because annihilation of CD34+ progenitor cells leads to hematopoietic stem cell deficiency. [28]
Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (CAMT) is a rare autosomal recessive bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by severe thrombocytopenia, which can progress to aplastic anemia and leukemia. [4] CAMT usually manifests as thrombocytopenia in the initial month of life or in the fetal phase.
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare, autosomal recessive, genetic disease resulting in impaired response to DNA damage in the FA/BRCA pathway. Although it is a very rare disorder, the study of this and other bone marrow failure syndromes has improved scientific understanding of the mechanisms of normal bone marrow function and the development of cancer.
With Parvovirus infection, bone marrow recovery typically occurs within 10 days and erythropoiesis resumes. [8] Parvovirus IgG/IgM may be obtained to assess for active infection. Patients may require IVIG or replacement of blood products during this transient bone marrow failure to reduce the chance of serious complications from the severe ...
Signs of progressive marrow failure may warrant bone marrow transplantation (BMT). This has been used successfully to treat hematological aspects of disease. However, SDS patients have an elevated occurrence of BMT-related adverse events, including graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and toxicity relating to the pre-transplant conditioning regimen ...