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Durability of resistance is important even when future improved varieties are expected to be on the way: The average time from human recognition of a new fungal disease threat to the release of a resistant crop for that pathogen is at least twelve years.
As of 2005, 87% of U.S. soybean fields were planted with glyphosate resistant varieties. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] While the use of Roundup Ready crops has increased the usage of herbicides measured in pounds applied per acre, [ 9 ] it has also changed the herbicide use profile away from atrazine , metribuzin , and alachlor [ citation needed ] which are more ...
Plant transformation has been used to develop multiple drought resistant crop varieties, but only limited varieties of ornamental plants. [16] This significant lag in development is due to the fact that more transgenic ornamental plants are being developed for other reasons than drought tolerance. [16]
Many varieties of GM crops contain more than one resistance gene. This could be in the form of multiple insect resistant genes, multiple herbicide tolerance genes or a combination of the herbicide and insect resistant genes.
Pesticide application can artificially select for resistant pests. In this diagram, the first generation happens to have an insect with a heightened resistance to a pesticide (red) After pesticide application, its descendants represent a larger proportion of the population, because sensitive pests (white) have been selectively killed.
Corn varieties resistant to glyphosate herbicides were first commercialized in 1996 by Monsanto, and are known as "Roundup Ready Corn". They tolerate the use of Roundup. [1] Bayer CropScience developed "Liberty Link Corn" that is resistant to glufosinate. [2]
Flowers mutated by the ion beams exhibited a variety of colors, patterns, and shapes. Through ion beam radiation, new varieties of plants have been cultivated. These plants had the characteristics of being ultraviolet light-B resistant, disease resistant, and chlorophyll-deficient.
Resistance to sugarcane smut is the best course of action for management, but also the use of disease free seed is important. On smaller scale operations treatments using hot water and removing infected plants can be effective.