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Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare multisystem autosomal dominant genetic disease that causes non-cancerous tumours to grow in the brain and on other vital organs such as the kidneys, heart, liver, eyes, lungs and skin.
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) tumor suppressors form the TSC1-TSC2 molecular complex. Under poor growth conditions the TSC1-TSC2 complex limits cell growth. [1] A key promoter of cell growth, mTORC1, is inhibited by the tuberous sclerosis complex. [1] Insulin activates mTORC1 and causes dissociation of TSC from the surface of lysosomes. [2]
The history of tuberous sclerosis (TSC) research spans less than 200 years. TSC is a rare, multi-system genetic disease that can cause benign tumours to grow on the brain or other vital organs such as the kidneys , heart , eyes , lungs , and skin .
Adenoma sebaceum presence represents one of the major diagnostic criteria to confirm the diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis. [5] When adenoma sebaceum presents with seizures and mental retardation (Vogt's triad), it indicates that cranial imaging is necessary, other differential diagnoses for this disorder include acne vulgaris, rhinophyma, and sebaceous hyperplasia.
Balo concentric sclerosis, an unusual presentation of plaques forming concentric circles, which can sometimes get better spontaneously. Schilder disease or diffuse myelinoclastic sclerosis: is a rare disease that presents clinically as a pseudotumoural demyelinating lesion; and is more common in children. [7] [8]
While the majority of tuberculomas resolve in 12–24 months, in patients with multiple or larger lesions prolonged treatment extending beyond two years may be required. In some patients, the release of inflammatory mediators during treatment can cause a paradoxical worsening of symptoms that is treated with anti-inflammatory medications in ...
Histology picture of xanthoma showing lipid-laden foam cells with large areas of cholesterol clefts, 10 × magnification, eosin and hematoxylin stain [1] A xanthelasma is a sharply demarcated yellowish collection of cholesterol underneath the skin, usually on or around the eyelids.
But it can occur anywhere in the skin, such as in the sole of the feet, in the anus, and, in the case of children from developing countries, in the buttocks and knees. This is because children from countries of high incidence of tuberculosis can contract the lesion after contact with tuberculous sputum , by walking barefoot, sitting or playing ...