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  2. Condorcet loser criterion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condorcet_loser_criterion

    The ballots for Approval voting do not contain the information to identify the Condorcet loser. Thus, Approval Voting cannot prevent the Condorcet loser from winning in some cases. The following example shows that Approval voting violates the Condorcet loser criterion. Assume four candidates A, B, C and L with 3 voters with the following ...

  3. Condorcet winner criterion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condorcet_winner_criterion

    Main article: Approval voting. Approval voting is a system in which the voter can approve of (or vote for) any number of candidates on a ballot. Approval voting fails the Condorcet criterion Consider an election in which 70% of the voters prefer candidate A to candidate B to candidate C, while 30% of the voters prefer C to B to A.

  4. Best-is-worst paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best-is-worst_paradox

    Most rated voting systems, including approval and score voting, satisfy the criterion as well. Best-is-worst paradoxes can occur in ranked-choice runoff voting (RCV) and minimax. A well-known example is the 2022 Alaska special election, where candidate Mary Peltola was both the winner and anti-winner.

  5. Registered Traveler - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Registered_Traveler

    A Clear kiosk at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport in 2009. A registered traveler is a person qualified through an airline passenger security assessment system in the United States air travel industry.

  6. Ordinary resolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinary_resolution

    The prevailing legislation applying to companies in the relevant jurisdiction will usually prescribe certain activities which must be approved by special resolution or alternatively which cannot be approved by ordinary resolution (for example altering the company's constitutional documents, reducing the share capital or dissolving the company ...

  7. International rugby union eligibility rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_rugby_union...

    Examples. The question whether a player had been captured under regulation 8 has given rise to many rulings of the IRB/World Rugby. One example is the case of Jason Jones-Hughes. When Australian born Jones-Hughes, whose father was born in Wales, was named in the Wales squad for the 1999 Rugby World Cup, Rugby Australia lodged a complaint with ...

  8. Letters patent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letters_patent

    Letters patent are a form of open or public proclamation [3] and a vestigial exercise of extra-parliamentary power by a monarch or president. [citation needed]They can thus be contrasted with the Act of Parliament, which is in effect a written order by Parliament involving assent by the monarch in conjunction with its members.

  9. Accelerated approval (FDA) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_approval_(FDA)

    Drugs with accelerated approval can initially be tested in clinical trials that use a surrogate endpoint, or something that is thought to predict clinical benefit. Surrogate endpoints typically require less time, and in the case of a cancer patient, it is much faster to measure a reduction in tumor size, for example, than overall patient survival.