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In a recipe, the baker's percentage for water is referred to as the "hydration"; it is indicative of the stickiness of the dough and the "crumb" of the bread. Lower hydration rates (e.g., 50–57%) are typical for bagels and pretzels , and medium hydration levels (58–65%) are typical for breads and rolls . [ 25 ]
How to make a sourdough starter. Ingredients to begin. 1 cup (113 grams) whole wheat or rye flour. 1/2 cup (113 grams) water (some suggest bottled mineral water is best, but tap water also works ...
A dough conditioner, flour treatment agent, improving agent or bread improver is any ingredient or chemical added to bread dough to strengthen its texture or otherwise improve it in some way. Dough conditioners may include enzymes , yeast nutrients, mineral salts, oxidants and reductants , bleaching agents and emulsifiers . [ 1 ]
Baking: The proofed dough is loaded into a hot oven for baking. During the first few minutes, the remaining rise will occur in the dough and is known as oven spring . Starch gelatinization begins at 105 °F (41 °C), [ 34 ] the yeast dies at 140 °F (60 °C), [ 35 ] and the baking is finished when the product reaches an internal temperature of ...
Volume 3: Techniques and Equipment ("guidebook to the techniques of bread making. Chapters follow the process of making bread: fermentation, mixing, divide and shaping, proofing, scoring and finishing, ovens and baking, plus cooling and storage.") Volume 4: Recipes I ("Each chapter is divided by types of breads.
When the dough had dried out enough that it began to crack, it was ready to bake. Another no-yeast bread could be made with a combination of cream of tartar (acid) and sodium bicarbonate. Baking soda could also be used to "sweeten" sour milk for baking soft sour milk bread. [5] Yeast could be made by boiling flour with sugar and salt.
The tables below include tabular lists for selected basic foods, compiled from United States Dept. of Agriculture sources.Included for each food is its weight in grams, its calories, and (also in grams,) the amount of protein, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, fat, and saturated fat. [1]
The sponge and dough method is a two-step bread making process: in the first step a sponge is made and allowed to ferment for a period of time, and in the second step the sponge is added to the final dough's ingredients, [1] creating the total formula. [2] In this usage, synonyms for sponge are yeast starter or yeast pre-ferment.