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Hemoglobin A2 may be increased in beta thalassemia or in people who are heterozygous for the beta thalassemia gene. HbA2 exists in small amounts in all adult humans (1.5–3.1% of all hemoglobin molecules) and is approximately normal in people with sickle-cell disease. [1] Its biological importance is not yet known.
The physiological effects of these variants can range from minor to severe. [3] Mutations can caused impaired production of hemoglobin (thalassemia) or produce structurally altered hemoglobins. Some hemoglobin variants, such as HbS which causes sickle-cell anemia, are responsible for severe diseases and are considered hemoglobinopathies.
Sickle cell disease (SCD), also simply called sickle cell, is a group of hemoglobin-related blood disorders that are typically inherited. [2] The most common type is known as sickle cell anemia. [2] Sickle cell anemia results in an abnormality in the oxygen-carrying protein haemoglobin found in red blood cells. [2]
Hemoglobin A (HbA), also known as adult hemoglobin, hemoglobin A1 or α 2 β 2, is the most common human hemoglobin tetramer, accounting for over 97% of the total red blood cell hemoglobin. [1] Hemoglobin is an oxygen-binding protein, found in erythrocytes , which transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. [ 2 ]
Hemoglobin subunit beta (beta globin, β-globin, haemoglobin beta, hemoglobin beta) is a globin protein, coded for by the HBB gene, which along with alpha globin , makes up the most common form of haemoglobin in adult humans, hemoglobin A (HbA). [5] It is 147 amino acids long and has a molecular weight of 15,867 Da.
The mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) is a measure of the concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of packed red blood cell. It is calculated by dividing the hemoglobin by the hematocrit. Reference ranges for blood tests are 32 to 36 g/dL (320 to 360g/L), [1] or between 4.81 and 5.58 mmol/L. It is thus a mass or molar ...
SeniorCaring.org reports that the cancers most likely to affect people over the age of 60 are lung cancer, colon cancer, stomach cancer, breast cancer and prostate cancer. You're much more likely ...
The test uses the principles of gel electrophoresis to separate out the various types of hemoglobin and is a type of native gel electrophoresis.After the sample has been treated to release the hemoglobin from the red cells, it is introduced into a porous gel (usually made of agarose or cellulose acetate) and subjected to an electrical field, most commonly in an alkaline medium.