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A machinist calculator is a hand-held calculator programmed with built-in formulas making it easy and quick for machinists to establish speeds, feeds and time without guesswork or conversion charts. Formulas may include revolutions per minute (RPM), surface feet per minute (SFM), inches per minute (IPM), feed per tooth (FPT). A cut time (CT ...
Typical gear ratios on bicycles range from very low or light gearing around 20 gear inches (1.6 metres per revolution), via medium gearing around 70 gear inches (5.6 m), to very high or heavy gearing around 125 gear inches (10 m). As in a car, low gearing is for going up hills and high gearing is for going fast.
The exact RPM is not always needed, a close approximation will work. For instance, a machinist may want to take the value of π {\displaystyle {\pi }} to be 3 if performing calculations by hand. R P M = C u t t i n g S p e e d × 12 π × D i a m e t e r {\displaystyle RPM={CuttingSpeed\times 12 \over \pi \times Diameter}}
The rotational speed of the wheels for that given forward speed is simple to calculate, being the tire circumference multiplied by the RPM. [ a ] As the tire RPM at maximum speed is not the same as the engine RPM at that power, a transmission is used with a gear ratio to convert one to the other.
Roller chain and sprocket The sketch of roller chain, Leonardo da Vinci, Codex Atlanticus. Roller chain or bush roller chain is the type of chain drive most commonly used for transmission of mechanical power on many kinds of domestic, industrial and agricultural machinery, including conveyors, wire- and tube-drawing machines, printing presses, cars, motorcycles, and bicycles.
Two important concepts in gearing are pitch surface and pitch angle. The pitch surface of a gear is the imaginary toothless surface that you would have by averaging out the peaks and valleys of the individual teeth. The pitch surface of an ordinary gear is the shape of a cylinder.
A Rohloff Speedhub hub gear A Shimano XT rear derailleur on a mountain bike A bicycle gearbox with chain tensioner. Bicycle gearing is the aspect of a bicycle drivetrain that determines the relation between the cadence, the rate at which the rider pedals, and the rate at which the drive wheel turns.
In practice, the relationship between power and torque can be observed in bicycles: Bicycles are typically composed of two road wheels, front and rear gears (referred to as sprockets) meshing with a chain, and a derailleur mechanism if the bicycle's transmission system allows multiple gear ratios to be used (i.e. multi-speed bicycle), all of ...