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The chemical formula for commercial tannic acid is often given as C 76 H 52 O 46, which corresponds with decagalloyl glucose, but in fact it is a mixture of polygalloyl glucoses or polygalloyl quinic acid esters with the number of galloyl moieties per molecule ranging from 2 up to 12 depending on the plant source used to extract the tannic acid.
Representative chemical structure of one of many plant-derived polyphenols that comprise tannic acid. Such compounds are formed by esterification of phenylpropanoid-derived gallic acid to a monosaccharide (glucose) core. Polyphenols (/ ˌ p ɒ l i ˈ f iː n oʊ l,-n ɒ l /) are a large family of naturally occurring phenols. [1]
Before that time, processes used plant material and were long (up to six months). [69] There was a collapse in the vegetable tannin market in the 1950s–1960s, due to the appearance of synthetic tannins, which were invented in response to a scarcity of vegetable tannins during World War II. At that time, many small tannin industry sites closed ...
Phenol – the simplest of the phenols Chemical structure of salicylic acid, the active metabolite of aspirin Chemical structure of aloe emodin, a diphenol Quercetin, a typical flavonoid, is a polyphenol Tannic acid, a typical polyphenol of indeterminate structure Lignin, is around 25% of the composition of wood This structure is repeated many ...
[9] [11] Chebulic acid is a phenolic acid compound isolated from the ripe fruits. [12] [13] Luteic acid can be isolated from the bark. [14] Terminalia chebula also contains terflavin B, a type of tannin, while chebulinic acid is found in the fruits. [15] The fruit extracts of Terminalia chebula also have antibacterial activity. [16]
Quercitannic acid is one of the two forms of tannic acid [1] found in oak bark and leaves. [2] The other form is called gallotannic acid and is found in oak galls. The quercitannic acid molecule is also present in quercitron, a yellow dye obtained from the bark of the Eastern black oak (Quercus velutina), a forest tree indigenous in North America.
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4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (protocatechuic acid), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-hippuric acid and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (vanillic acid) are the main catechins metabolites found in humans after consumption of green tea infusions. [5]