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An image of multiple chromosomes, taken from many cells. Plant genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity specifically in plants. [1] [2] It is generally considered a field of biology and botany, but intersects frequently with many other life sciences and is strongly linked with the study of information systems.
The first use of plant genetic resources dates to more than 10,000 years ago, when farmers selected from the genetic variation they found in wild plants to develop their crops. As human populations moved to different climates and ecosystems, taking the crops with them, the crops adapted to the new environments, developing, for example, genetic ...
One of the outcomes of plant reproduction is the generation of seeds, spores, and fruits [13] that allow plants to move to new locations or new habitats. [14] Plants do not have nervous systems or any will for their actions. Even so, scientists are able to observe mechanisms that help their offspring thrive as they grow.
Plants are produced using material from a single parent and as such, there is no exchange of genetic material, therefore vegetative propagation methods almost always produce plants that are identical to the parent. In some plants, seeds can be produced without fertilization and the seeds contain only the genetic material of the parent plant.
The plant with the bb genotype will have the recessive trait. These inheritance patterns can also be applied to hereditary diseases or conditions in humans or animals. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] Some conditions are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning individuals with the condition typically have an affected parent as well.
Sexual reproduction is a biological process that creates a new organism by combining the genetic material of two organisms in a process that starts with meiosis, a specialized type of cell division. Each of two parent organisms contributes half of the offspring's genetic makeup by creating haploid gametes. [8]
Exploiting plants’ defence mechanisms against pests or diseases could help to remove our reliance on toxic pesticides. Plants’ genetic defences may hold key for crop protection, researchers ...
The insecticide kills insects that eat the plants but is harmless to people. [20] In these plants, the new genes are put into the plant before it is grown, so the genes are in every part of the plant, including its seeds. [21] The plant's offspring inherit the new genes, which has led to concern about the spread of new traits into wild plants. [22]