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Official figures put the total number of documentable executions during the years 1937 and 1938 at 681,692, [172] [173] in addition to 116,000 deaths in the Gulag, [1] and 2,000 unofficially killed in non-article 58 shootings; [1] whereas the total estimate of deaths brought about by Soviet repression during the Great Purge ranges from 950,000 ...
This contained official records of 799,455 executions (1921–1953), [8] around 1.7 million deaths in the Gulag, [9] [10] some 390,000 [11] deaths during the dekulakization forced resettlement, and up to 400,000 deaths of persons deported during the 1940s, [12] with a total of about 3.3 million officially recorded victims in these categories. [13]
The first Party purge of the Joseph Stalin era took place in 1929–1930 in accordance with a resolution of the XVI Party Conference. [4] Purges became deadly under Stalin. More than 10 percent of the party members were purged. At the same time, a significant number of new industrial workers joined the Party.
Human cost: Dekulakization was a brutal campaign that led to the deportation and death of millions of people. Estimates of the number of deaths vary, but it is believed that at least 5 million people died as a result of the policy. This had a profound impact on families and communities across the Soviet Union.
The NKVD recorded that between 26 and 27 million Soviet citizens had been killed, with millions more being wounded, malnourished, or orphaned. [479] In the war's aftermath, some of Stalin's associates suggested modifications to government policy. [480] Post-war Soviet society was more tolerant than its pre-war phase in various respects.
In May, a German Junkers Ju 52 landed in Moscow, undetected by the air defense forces beforehand, leading to mass arrests among the Air Force leadership. [1] The NKVD soon focused attention on them and began investigating an alleged anti-Soviet conspiracy of German spies in the military, centered around the Air Force and linked to the ...
Later in 2010, Timothy Snyder estimated that around 3.3 million people died in total in Ukraine. [180] In 2013, it was said that total excess deaths in Ukraine could not have exceeded 2.9 million. [193] Other estimates of famine deaths are as follows:
Perhaps, 3.7 million people were sentenced for alleged counter-revolutionary crimes, including 600,000 sentenced to death, 2.4 million sentenced to labor camps, and 700,000 sentenced to expatriation. Stalinist repression reached its peak during the Great Purge of 1937–1938, which removed many skilled managers and experts and considerably ...