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Raman spectroscopy (/ ˈ r ɑː m ən /) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. [1] Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which ...
Raman spectroscopy employs the Raman effect for substances analysis. The spectrum of the Raman-scattered light depends on the molecular constituents present and their state, allowing the spectrum to be used for material identification and analysis. Raman spectroscopy is used to analyze a wide range of materials, including gases, liquids, and ...
A Raman band whose depolarization ratio is less than 0.75 is called a polarized band, and a band with a depolarization ratio equal to or greater than 0.75 is called a depolarized band. [4] [5] For a spherical top molecule in which all three axes are equivalent, symmetric vibrations have Raman spectral bands which are completely polarized (ρ = 0).
Stimulated Raman spectroscopy, also referred to as stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), is a form of spectroscopy employed in physics, chemistry, biology, and other fields. . The basic mechanism resembles that of spontaneous Raman spectroscopy: a pump photon, of the angular frequency , which is scattered by a molecule has some small probability of inducing some vibrational (or rotational ...
Rotational–vibrational spectroscopy is a branch of molecular spectroscopy that is concerned with infrared and Raman spectra of molecules in the gas phase. Transitions involving changes in both vibrational and rotational states can be abbreviated as rovibrational (or ro-vibrational ) transitions.
In Raman spectroscopy, when a molecule is excited by incident radiation, it undergoes a Stokes shift as it emits radiation at a lower energy level than the incident radiation. Analyzing the intensity and frequency of the spectral shift provides valuable information about the vibrational modes of molecules, enabling the identification of ...
Raman amplification / ˈ r ɑː m ən / [1] is based on the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) phenomenon, when a lower frequency 'signal' photon induces the inelastic scattering of a higher-frequency 'pump' photon in an optical medium in the nonlinear regime. As a result of this, another 'signal' photon is produced, with the surplus energy ...
Since it is equivalent to the differential time-independent Schrödinger equation with appropriate boundary conditions, it can also be solved by numerical methods for differential equations. In the case of the spherically symmetric potential V {\displaystyle V} it is usually solved by partial wave analysis .