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Arduino Software (IDE) pre-1.0 saved sketches with the extension .pde. A minimal Arduino C/C++ program consists of only two functions: [73] setup(): This function is called once when a sketch starts after power-up or reset. It is used to initialize variables, input and output pin modes, and other libraries needed in the sketch.
setup(): a function run once at the start of a program which can be used to define initial environment settings. loop() : a function called repeatedly until the board is powered off or reset. A typical first program for a developer using a microcontroller is to blink a light-emitting diode (LED) on and off.
The word "uno" means "one" in Italian and was chosen to mark a major redesign of the Arduino hardware and software. [7] The Uno board was the successor of the Duemilanove release and was the 9th version in a series of USB-based Arduino boards. [8] Version 1.0 of the Arduino IDE for the Arduino Uno board has now evolved to newer releases. [4]
The Arduino Nano is an open-source breadboard-friendly microcontroller board based on the Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller (MCU) and developed by Arduino.cc and initially released in 2008. It offers the same connectivity and specs of the Arduino Uno board in a smaller form factor.
Arduino boards can be used with its language and IDE, or with more conventional programming environments (C, assembler, etc.) as just standardized and widely available AVR platforms. USB-based AVRs have been used in the Microsoft Xbox hand controllers.
ATmega328 is commonly used in many projects and autonomous systems where a simple, low-powered, low-cost micro-controller is needed. Perhaps the most common implementation of this chip is on the popular Arduino development platform, namely the Arduino Uno, Arduino Pro Mini [4] and Arduino Nano models.
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Hall effect devices produce a very low signal level and thus require amplification. The vacuum tube amplifier technology available in the first half of the 20th century was too large, expensive, and power-consuming for everyday Hall effect sensor applications, which were limited to laboratory instruments.