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A lens may be considered a thin lens if its thickness is much less than the radii of curvature of its surfaces (d ≪ | R 1 | and d ≪ | R 2 |).. In optics, a thin lens is a lens with a thickness (distance along the optical axis between the two surfaces of the lens) that is negligible compared to the radii of curvature of the lens surfaces.
The above equations also hold for thick lenses (including a compound lens made by multiple lenses, that can be treated as a thick lens) in air or vacuum (which refractive index can be treated as 1) if , , and are with respect to the principal planes of the lens (is the effective focal length in this case). [23]
Curvature radius of lens/mirror r, R: m [L] Focal length f: m [L] Quantity (common name/s) (Common) symbol/s Defining equation SI units Dimension Lens power P
Distances in the thin lens equation. For a lens of negligible thickness, and focal length f, the distances from the lens to an object, S 1, and from the lens to its image, S 2, are related by the thin lens formula: + =.
A spherical lens or mirror surface has a center of curvature located either along or decentered from the system local optical axis. The vertex of the lens surface is located on the local optical axis. The distance from the vertex to the center of curvature is the radius of curvature of the surface.
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Optical lens design is the process of designing a lens to meet a set of performance requirements and constraints, including cost and manufacturing limitations. Parameters include surface profile types (spherical, aspheric, holographic, diffractive, etc.), as well as radius of curvature, distance to the next surface, material type and optionally tilt and decenter.
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