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MSP kWh is the amount of electricity consumed at the 'meter supply point', which is the customer's meter. GSP kWh is obtained by multiplying the MSP kWh by the Line Loss Factor (LLF, a figure > 1) to include the amount of electricity lost when it is conducted through the distribution network, from the 'grid supply point' to the customer's meter.
The primary cause of the price rises has been a surge in the wholesale price of natural gas worldwide. [1] Domestic supply only covers about 40% of the United Kingdom's needs, [1] while the rest is imported from neighbouring countries, such as Norway and the Netherlands, and further afield in Qatar and the United States, and Russia supplies around 5% of the UK market.
In turn, this led to higher rates of consumption of "super" unleaded and diesel which are typically available on UK forecourts, until they also ran out. Suppliers then focused on supply of standard grades, creating extended pressure on the supply of the premium grades which some vehicles require. [6]
Retail markup over crude oil and wholesale gasoline, 2014–2019 Oil, gas, and diesel prices RBOB Gasoline Prices. In 2008, a report by Cambridge Energy Research Associates stated that 2007 had been the year of peak gasoline usage in the United States, and that record energy prices would cause an "enduring shift" in energy consumption practices. [6]
Electricity retailing in the period from approximately 1890 to 1990 consisted of managing the connection, disconnection and billing of electricity consumers by the local monopoly supplier. In many utilities there was a marketing function which encouraged electricity usage when there was excess capacity to supply and encouraged conservation when ...
The chairman of the Japan Gas Association (JGA), Takahiro Honjo, told a news conference that while there are risks, "I don't think a supply crunch will suddenly occur anytime soon".
The Big Six were the United Kingdom's largest retail suppliers of gas and electricity, who dominated the market following liberalisation in the late 1990s. By 2002, six companies – British Gas, EDF Energy, E.ON, RWE npower, Scottish Power and SSE – had emerged from the 15 former incumbent monopoly suppliers (the 14 regional public electricity suppliers and British Gas).
This supply of energy can be disrupted by several factors, including imposition of higher energy prices due to action by OPEC or other cartel, war, political disputes, economic disputes, or physical damage to the energy infrastructure due to terrorism. The security of the energy supply is a major concern of national security and energy law.