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Dung beetle rolling a ball of dung in the Addo Elephant National Park, South Africa. Dung beetles live in many habitats, including desert, grasslands and savannas, [10] farmlands, and native and planted forests. [11] They are highly influenced by the environmental context, [2] and do not prefer extremely cold or dry weather.
P. vindex adults are hard-bodied beetles which range from approximately 11-22 millimeters (0.4-0.9 inches) in length. They are relatively bulky and oblong. These beetles are sexually dimorphic; the males can be identified by their iridescent elytra and a large horn on their heads while females have slightly less vibrant shells and lack horns.
These beetles are small scarab beetles, most less than 8 millimeters long. Many have small mandibles that are covered by a widened clypeus, the exoskeleton plate above the mouth. The feet are clawed. [1] This is a diverse subfamily with varied life strategies and habitat types. Many species are dung beetles, which collect and feed on animal dung.
Phanaeus, the rainbow scarabs, [1] is a genus of true dung beetles in the family Scarabaeidae (scarab beetles), ranging from the United States to northern Argentina, with the highest species richness in Mexico. [2] [3] Depending on species, they can inhabit a wide range of habitats, from tropical to temperate climates and deserts to rainforests.
Geotrupes stercorarius is a species of earth-boring dung beetle. Its common name is the dor beetle, or, the dumbledore, [1] and is common throughout Europe. [2] The beetle is up to 2.5 cm (1 in) long. The whole beetle is weakly lustrous and darkly colored, sometimes with a bluish sheen. The body shape is very compact and arched toward the top.
Digitonthophagus gazella (common names: gazella scarab, brown dung beetle [1]) is a species of scarab beetle. [1] [2] It belongs to the genus Digitonthophagus, which was promoted from subgenus to genus level in 1959. [1] [3] There has been some confusion regarding the application of the names with many people using the outdated name Onthophagus ...
Aphodius is a genus of beetles in the family Scarabaeidae. In most species both the adults and larvae are coprophagous (dung feeding) [1] although some species have herbivorous or saprophagous larvae. [2] Aphodius species typically dominate dung beetle communities in north temperate ecosystems. [3]
Onthophagus taurus, the taurus scarab, is a species of dung beetle in the genus Onthophagus and the family Scarabaeidae. [1] Also known as the bull-headed dung beetle, it is a species that specializes in cattle dung and is widely utilized to maintain clean pastures, making it agriculturally valuable.