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Structural model at atomic resolution of bacteriophage T4 [1] The structure of a typical myovirus bacteriophage Anatomy and infection cycle of bacteriophage T4. A bacteriophage (/ b æ k ˈ t ɪər i oʊ f eɪ dʒ /), also known informally as a phage (/ ˈ f eɪ dʒ /), is a virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea.
[8] [9] The molecular structure of Ff phages was determined using a number of physical techniques, especially X-ray fiber diffraction, [2] [6] solid-state NMR and cryo-electron microscopy. [10] The structures of the phage capsid and of some other phage proteins are available from the Protein Data Bank. [ 6 ]
Plaques from a virus isolated from a compost heap near UCLA. The bacterium is M. smegmatis.. A viral plaque is a visible structure formed after introducing a viral sample to a cell culture grown on some nutrient medium.
Dating back to the 1940s and continuing today, T-even phages are considered the best studied model organisms. Model organisms are usually required to be simple with as few as five genes. Yet, T-even phages are in fact among the largest and highest complexity virus, in which these phage's genetic information is made up of around 300 genes.
Temperate phages can switch between a lytic and lysogenic life cycle. Lytic is more drastic, killing the host whereas lysogenic impacts host cells genetically or physiologically. [4] [5] [6] Here is a chart on temperate phages that are lytic and lysogenic and how they're related. Lysogeny is characterized by the integration of the phage genome ...
A prophage is a bacteriophage (often shortened to "phage") genome that is integrated into the circular bacterial chromosome or exists as an extrachromosomal plasmid within the bacterial cell. [1] Integration of prophages into the bacterial host is the characteristic step of the lysogenic cycle of temperate phages.
P1 is a temperate bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli and some other bacteria. When undergoing a lysogenic cycle the phage genome exists as a plasmid in the bacterium [1] unlike other phages (e.g. the lambda phage) that integrate into the host DNA.
M13 is one of the Ff phages (fd and f1 are others), a member of the family filamentous bacteriophage ().Ff phages are composed of circular single-stranded DNA (), which in the case of the m13 phage is 6407 nucleotides long and is encapsulated in approximately 2700 copies of the major coat protein p8, and capped with about 5 copies each of four different minor coat proteins (p3 and p6 at one ...