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In electronics, leakage is the gradual transfer of electrical energy across a boundary normally viewed as insulating, such as the spontaneous discharge of a charged capacitor, magnetic coupling of a transformer with other components, or flow of current across a transistor in the "off" state or a reverse-polarized diode.
Subthreshold leakage in an nFET. Subthreshold conduction or subthreshold leakage or subthreshold drain current is the current between the source and drain of a MOSFET when the transistor is in subthreshold region, or weak-inversion region, that is, for gate-to-source voltages below the threshold voltage.
In fact, there is a current even for gate biases below the threshold (subthreshold leakage) current, although it is small and varies exponentially with gate bias. Therefore, datasheets will specify threshold voltage according to a specified measurable amount of current (commonly 250 μA or 1 mA).
Both types of BJT function by letting a small current input to the base control an amplified output from the collector. The result is that the BJT makes a good switch that is controlled by its base input. The BJT also makes a good amplifier, since it can multiply a weak input signal to about 100 times its original strength.
A load line diagram, illustrating an operating point in the transistor's active region.. Biasing is the setting of the DC operating point of an electronic component. For bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), the operating point is defined as the steady-state DC collector-emitter voltage and the collector current with no input signal applied.
The switch is typically a MOSFET, IGBT, or BJT transistor. ... I leakage is the leakage current of the switch, and; V is the voltage across the switch.
The transistor is said to be cut off, passing only a very small leakage current, and so very nearly the entire supply voltage appears as V CE. The operating point of the circuit in this configuration (labelled Q) is generally designed to be in the active region , approximately in the middle of the load line's active region for amplifier ...
the base and collector of a BJT; the drain and source of a JFET [1] the gate and drain of a MOSFET; Diode-connected transistors are used in current mirrors to provide a voltage drop that tracks that of the other transistor as temperature changes. [2] They also have very low reverse leakage currents. [3]