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A spatially coordinated drawing, i.e., show no physical location clashes between the system components; Allowance for inclusion of all supports and fixtures necessary to install the works; Allowance for the service at its widest point for spaces between pipe and duct runs, for insulation, standard fitting dimensions, and joint widths
Turning vanes inside of large ductwork Turning vane close-up. HVAC turning vanes are sheet metal devices inside of mechanical ductwork used to smoothly direct air inside a duct where there is a change in direction, by reducing resistance and turbulence.
For insulation purposes, metal ducts are typically lined with faced fiberglass blankets (duct liner) or wrapped externally with fiberglass blankets (duct wrap). When necessary, a double walled duct is used. This will usually have an inner perforated liner, then a 1–2" (2.5-5 cm) layer of fiberglass insulation contained inside an outer solid pipe.
It is easy to draw ducts in 3D without correct dimensioning. Drawings should be laid out with: Work points, with elevations, and plan dimensioning. Elbow radius, duct diameters, or width and thickness dimensions, elbow tangent dimensions (true view and plan and elevation views) Column grids, dimensions between supports, showing work points
Warm air systems distribute the heated air through ductwork systems of supply and return air through metal or fiberglass ducts. Many systems use the same ducts to distribute air cooled by an evaporator coil for air conditioning. The air supply is normally filtered through air filters [dubious – discuss] to remove dust and pollen particles. [15]
Its cloth and rubber insulation can dry out and turn brittle. [10] It may also be damaged by rodents and careless activities such as hanging objects from wiring running in accessible areas like basements or attics. Currently, the United States National Electrical Code forbids the use of loose, blown-in, or expanding foam insulation over K&T ...
Fire/smoke dampers are similar to fire dampers in fire resistance rating, and also prevent the spread of smoke inside the ducts. When a rise in temperature occurs, the fire damper closes, usually activated by a thermal element which melts at temperatures higher than ambient but low enough to indicate the presence of a fire, allowing springs to ...
Pipe insulation made from rigid Phenolic, PIR, or PUR foam insulation is common in some countries. Rigid-foam insulation has minimal acoustic performance but can exhibit low thermal-conductivity values of 0.021 W/(m·K) or lower, allowing energy-saving legislation to be met whilst using reduced insulation thicknesses. [8]