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For insulation purposes, metal ducts are typically lined with faced fiberglass blankets (duct liner) or wrapped externally with fiberglass blankets (duct wrap). When necessary, a double walled duct is used. This will usually have an inner perforated liner, then a 1–2" (2.5-5 cm) layer of fiberglass insulation contained inside an outer solid pipe.
Turning vanes inside of large ductwork Turning vane close-up. HVAC turning vanes are sheet metal devices inside of mechanical ductwork used to smoothly direct air inside a duct where there is a change in direction, by reducing resistance and turbulence.
A spatially coordinated drawing, i.e., show no physical location clashes between the system components; Allowance for inclusion of all supports and fixtures necessary to install the works; Allowance for the service at its widest point for spaces between pipe and duct runs, for insulation, standard fitting dimensions, and joint widths
Warm air systems distribute the heated air through ductwork systems of supply and return air through metal or fiberglass ducts. Many systems use the same ducts to distribute air cooled by an evaporator coil for air conditioning. The air supply is normally filtered through air filters [dubious – discuss] to remove dust and pollen particles. [15]
Vertical section through a commercial building using HVAC plenum instead of airspace plenum. When both the supply and return ducts are constructed in this manner, it is possible to insulate the ducts and the dropped ceiling so that the upper airspace is not heated or cooled, increasing energy efficiency. This is a fully enclosed plenum.
It is easy to draw ducts in 3D without correct dimensioning. Drawings should be laid out with: Work points, with elevations, and plan dimensioning. Elbow radius, duct diameters, or width and thickness dimensions, elbow tangent dimensions (true view and plan and elevation views) Column grids, dimensions between supports, showing work points
Thermal insulation is the reduction of heat transfer (i.e., the transfer of thermal energy between objects of differing temperature) between objects in thermal contact or in range of radiative influence. [1] Thermal insulation can be achieved with specially engineered methods or processes, as well as with suitable object shapes and materials.
Pipe insulation made from rigid Phenolic, PIR, or PUR foam insulation is common in some countries. Rigid-foam insulation has minimal acoustic performance but can exhibit low thermal-conductivity values of 0.021 W/(m·K) or lower, allowing energy-saving legislation to be met whilst using reduced insulation thicknesses. [8]