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The United States has a racially and ethnically diverse population. [1] At the federal level, race and ethnicity have been categorized separately. The most recent United States census recognized five racial categories (White, Black, Native American/Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander), as well as people who belong to two or more of the racial categories.
"Mixed race" (in combination with other races) and multi-ethnic categories are not listed separately. For Per Capita Income (per person income) by Race and Ethnicity go to List of ethnic groups in the United States by per capita income. Household income refers to the total gross income received by all members of a household within a 12-month ...
Racial and ethnic demographics of the United States in percentage of the population. The United States census enumerated Whites and Blacks since 1790, Asians and Native Americans since 1860 (though all Native Americans in the U.S. were not enumerated until 1890), "some other race" since 1950, and "two or more races" since 2000. [2]
Under federal law, the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, [41] the number of first-generation immigrants living in the United States has increased, [42] from 9.6 million in 1970 to about 38 million in 2007. [43] Around a million people legally immigrated to the United States per year in the 1990s, up from 250,000 per year in the 1950s. [44]
Demographic changes can have broad effects on the health of ethnic groups. Cities in the United States have undergone major social transitions during the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. Notable factors in these shifts have been sustained rates of black poverty and intensified racial segregation, often as a result of redlining. [62]
Title page of 1790 United States census. The 1790 United States census was the first census in the history of the United States. The population of the United States was recorded as 3,929,214 as of Census Day, August 2, 1790, as mandated by Article I, Section 2 of the US Constitution and applicable laws. [13]
Housing segregation in the United States is the practice of denying African American or other minority groups equal access to housing through the process of misinformation, denial of realty and financing services, and racial steering. [43] [44] [45] Housing policy in the United States has influenced housing segregation trends throughout history.
The United States Census has race and ethnicity as defined by the Office of Management and Budget in 1997. [1] The following median per capita income data are retrieved from American Community Survey 2018 1-year estimates. In this survey, the nationwide population is 327,167,439 and the per capita income was US$33,831 in 2018. [2]