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Furthermore, theories have been put forward to take into account the effects of vibronic coupling on electron transfer, in particular, the PKS theory of electron transfer. [10] In proteins, ET rates are governed by the bond structures: the electrons, in effect, tunnel through the bonds comprising the chain structure of the proteins.
A Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) is a chemical reaction that involves the transfer of electrons and protons from one atom to another. The term was originally coined for single proton, single electron processes that are concerted, [ 1 ] but the definition has relaxed to include many related processes.
Arrow pushing or electron pushing is a technique used to describe the progression of organic chemistry reaction mechanisms. [1] It was first developed by Sir Robert Robinson.In using arrow pushing, "curved arrows" or "curly arrows" are drawn on the structural formulae of reactants in a chemical equation to show the reaction mechanism.
Elementary steps like proton coupled electron transfer and the movement of electrons between an electrode and substrate are special to electrochemical processes. . Electrochemical mechanisms are important to all redox chemistry including corrosion, redox active photochemistry including photosynthesis, other biological systems often involving electron transport chains and other forms of ...
In theoretical chemistry, Marcus theory is a theory originally developed by Rudolph A. Marcus, starting in 1956, to explain the rates of electron transfer reactions – the rate at which an electron can move or jump from one chemical species (called the electron donor) to another (called the electron acceptor). [1]
There are two pathways of electron transfer. In cyclic electron transfer, electrons are removed from an excited chlorophyll molecule, passed through an electron transport chain to a proton pump, and then returned to the chlorophyll. The mobile electron carriers are, as usual, a lipid-soluble quinone and a water-soluble cytochrome.
Outer sphere electron transfer can occur between chemical species that are identical except for their oxidation state. [4] This process is termed self-exchange. An example is the degenerate reaction between the tetrahedral ions permanganate and manganate:
Autotrophs can use this process to supply reducing power for inorganic carbon fixation. Reverse electron transfer ( RET ) is the process that can occur in respiring mitochondria , when a small fraction of electrons from reduced ubiquinol is driven upstream by the membrane potential towards mitochondrial complex I .