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Starch gelatinization begins at 105 °F (41 °C), [34] the yeast dies at 140 °F (60 °C), [35] and the baking is finished when the product reaches an internal temperature of 208–210 °F (98–99 °C). [21] Cooling: Once the bread is fully baked, it is removed to racks to cool. Bread is sliced once it has cooled to 95–105 °F (35–41 °C).
Traditional sourdoughs used as sole leavening agent are referred to as Type I sourdough; examples include sourdoughs used for San Francisco Sourdough Bread, Panettone, and rye bread. [74] Type I sourdoughs are generally firm doughs, [ 73 ] have a pH range of 3.8 to 4.5, and are fermented in a temperature range of 20 to 30 °C (68 to 86 °F).
Sandwich bread (also referred to as pan bread, loaf bread, or sandwich loaf) [1] is bread that is prepared specifically to be used for the preparation of sandwiches. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Sandwich breads are produced in many varieties, such as white , whole wheat , sourdough , rye , multigrain [ 1 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] and others.
[19] [20] [21] When cooling a levain or sourdough pre-ferment, if the dough temperature drops below 10 °C (50 °F) it affects the culture and leads to the loss of a particular aroma in the baked bread. [11] To allow room for the pre-ferment to rise, the ingredients are mixed in a container at least four or five times their volume.
Salt-rising (or salt-risen) bread is a dense white bread that is traditional in the Appalachian Mountains, leavened by naturally occurring wild bacteria rather than by yeast. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Salt-rising bread is made from wheat flour ; a starter consisting of either water or milk and corn [ 4 ] potatoes , [ 5 ] or wheat ; and minor ...
The sponge's fermentation time depends on its temperature and that of the surrounding area, the ingredients used, and the percentage amount of yeast. It ferments in a humid environment at 74–78 °F (23–26 °C), where it may rise and expand to 4-5 times its original volume, when it falls it has reached 66-70% of its allotted time.
In sourdough bread-making, cold decreases the activity of wild yeast relative to the Lactobacilli, [13] which produce flavoring products such as lactic acid and acetic acid. [14] Sourdough that is retarded before baking can result in a more sour loaf. To prevent the dough from drying, air flow in the dough retarder is kept to a minimum.
Pure rye bread contains only rye flour, without any wheat. German-style pumpernickel, a dark, dense, and close-textured loaf, is made from crushed or ground whole rye grains, usually without wheat flour, baked for long periods at a low temperature in a covered tin. Rye and wheat flours are often used to produce a rye bread with a lighter ...