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Electrolysis of water is the decomposition of water (H 2 O) into oxygen (O 2) and hydrogen (H 2): [2] Water electrolysis ship Hydrogen Challenger. Production of hydrogen from water is energy intensive. Usually, the electricity consumed is more valuable than the hydrogen produced, so this method has not been widely used.
Considering the industrial production of hydrogen, and using current best processes for water electrolysis (PEM or alkaline electrolysis) which have an effective electrical efficiency of 70–80%, [68] [73] [74] producing 1 kg of hydrogen (which has a specific energy of 143 MJ/kg) requires 50–55 kW⋅h (180–200 MJ) of electricity.
Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis is the electrolysis of water in a cell equipped with a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) [3] that is responsible for the conduction of protons, separation of product gases, and electrical insulation of the electrodes. The PEM electrolyzer was introduced to overcome the issues of partial load, low ...
High-pressure electrolysis is being investigated by the DOE for efficient production of hydrogen from water. The target total in 2005 is $4.75 per gge H 2 at an efficiency of 64%. [10] The total goal for the DOE in 2010 is $2.85 per gge H 2 at an efficiency of 75%. [11] As of 2005 the DOE provided a total of $1,563,882 worth of funding for ...
Hydrogen is a chemical widely used in various applications including ammonia production, oil refining and energy. [1] The most common methods for producing hydrogen on an industrial scale are: Steam reforming, oil reforming, coal gasification, water electrolysis. [2] Hydrogen is not a primary energy source, because it is not naturally occurring ...
The biological hydrogen production with algae is a method of photobiological water splitting which is done in a closed photobioreactor based on the production of hydrogen as a solar fuel by algae. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] Algae produce hydrogen under certain conditions.
An electrolytic process is the use of electrolysis industrially to refine metals or compounds at a high purity and low cost. Some examples are the Hall-Héroult process [1] used for aluminium, or the production of hydrogen from water.
The production of pure hydrogen is compelling because it is a clean fuel that can be stored, making it a potential alternative to batteries, methane, and other energy sources (see hydrogen economy). [3] Electrolysis is currently the most promising method of hydrogen production from water due to high efficiency of conversion and relatively low ...