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The Dolch word list is a list of frequently used English words (also known as sight words), compiled by Edward William Dolch, a major proponent of the "whole-word" method of beginning reading instruction. The list was first published in a journal article in 1936 [1] and then published in his book Problems in Reading in 1948. [2]
This arose because the two words were originally pronounced differently: pain used to be pronounced as /peɪn/, with a diphthong, and pane as /peːn/, but the diphthong /eɪ/ merged with the long vowel /eː/ in pane, making pain and pane homophones (pane–pain merger). Later /eː/ became a diphthong /eɪ/. break and brake: (She's breaking the ...
A secondary cue to the distinction between /b, d, ɡ/ and /p, t, k/ in word-initial position is a pitch offset on the following vowel: vowels after word-initial (but not word-medial) /p, t, k/ start out with a higher pitch compared to vowels after /b, d, ɡ/, even when the latter are phonetically devoiced. [40]
Within a word, a syllable may either be long by nature or long by position. [66] A syllable is long by nature if it has a diphthong or a long vowel. On the other hand, a syllable is long by position if the vowel is followed by more than one consonant. [66]
The California Job Case was a compartmentalized box for printing in the 19th century, sizes corresponding to the commonality of letters. The frequency of letters in text has been studied for use in cryptanalysis, and frequency analysis in particular, dating back to the Arab mathematician al-Kindi (c. AD 801–873 ), who formally developed the method (the ciphers breakable by this technique go ...
Traditionally, the palatal consonant phoneme /ʝ/ is considered to occur only as a syllable onset, [62] whereas the palatal glide [j] that can be found after an onset consonant in words like bien is analyzed as a non-syllabic version of the vowel phoneme /i/ [63] (which forms part of the syllable nucleus, being pronounced with the following ...
A syllable with a glottalized vowel (CVʼC or CVʼVC) was written with a final a if the vowel was [e, o, u], or with a final u if the vowel was [a] or [i]: hu-na [huʼn] 'paper', ba-tzʼu [baʼtsʼ] 'howler monkey'. Preconsonantal [h] is not indicated. In short, if the vowels are the same (harmonic), a simple vowel is intended.
The symbols traditionally used to transcribe the vowels in the words cot and caught as spoken in American English are ɑ and ɔ , respectively, although their precise phonetic values may vary, as does the phonetic value of the merged vowel in the regions where the merger occurs.