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  2. Input/output (C++) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input/output_(C++)

    basic_ofstream: an output stream that wraps a file stream buffer. Provides functions to open or close a file in addition to those of generic output stream ofstream – operates on characters of type char; wofstream – operates on characters of type wchar_t; basic_ostringstream: an output stream that wraps a string stream buffer.

  3. Associative array - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associative_array

    The two most widespread approaches to this problem are separate chaining and open addressing. [3] [4] [5] [11] In separate chaining, the array does not store the value itself but stores a pointer to another container, usually an association list, that stores all the values matching the hash. By contrast, in open addressing, if a hash collision ...

  4. Fluent interface - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluent_interface

    In the Java Swing API, the LayoutManager interface defines how Container objects can have controlled Component placement. One of the more powerful LayoutManager implementations is the GridBagLayout class which requires the use of the GridBagConstraints class to specify how layout control occurs.

  5. Container (abstract data type) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Container_(abstract_data_type)

    Single-value containers store each object independently. Objects may be accessed directly, by a language loop construct (e.g. for loop) or with an iterator. An associative container uses an associative array, map, or dictionary, composed of key-value pairs, such that each key appears at most once in the container. The key is used to find the ...

  6. Seekg - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seekg

    In the C++ programming language, seekg is a function in the fstream library (part of the standard library) that allows you to seek to an arbitrary position in a file. This function is defined for ifstream class - for ofstream class there's a similar function seekp (this is to avoid conflicts in case of classes that derive both istream and ostream, such as iostream).

  7. Abstract data type - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_data_type

    For example, a stack has push/pop operations that follow a Last-In-First-Out rule, and can be concretely implemented using either a list or an array. Another example is a set which stores values, without any particular order, and no repeated values. Values themselves are not retrieved from sets; rather, one tests a value for membership to ...

  8. Append - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Append

    In Miranda, this right-fold, from Hughes (1989:5-6), has the same semantics (by example) as the Scheme implementation above, for two arguments. append a b = reduce cons b a Where reduce is Miranda's name for fold, and cons constructs a list from two values or lists. For example,

  9. Pointer (computer programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointer_(computer_programming)

    array + 1 means 0x1004: the "+ 1" means to add the size of 1 int, which is 4 bytes; *array means to dereference the contents of array. Considering the contents as a memory address (0x1000), look up the value at that location (0x0002); array[i] means element number i, 0-based, of array which is translated into *(array + i).