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In microbiology, in vivo is often used to refer to experimentation done in a whole organism, rather than in live isolated cells, for example, cultured cells derived from biopsies. In this situation, the more specific term is ex vivo. Once cells are disrupted and individual parts are tested or analyzed, this is known as in vitro. [citation needed]
Experiments generally start after 24 hours of incubation. Using living cells or tissue from the same organism are still considered to be ex vivo. One widely performed ex vivo study is the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. In this assay, angiogenesis is promoted on the CAM membrane of a chicken embryo outside the organism (chicken).
ex vivo: out of or from life: Used in reference to the study or assay of living tissue in an artificial environment outside the living organism. ex voto: from the vow: Thus, in accordance with a promise. An ex voto is also an offering made in fulfillment of a vow. ex vulgus scientia: from the crowd, knowledge
Primary cell culture is the ex vivo culture of cells freshly obtained from a multicellular organism, as opposed to the culture of immortalized cell lines.In general, primary cell cultures are considered more representative of in vivo tissues than cell lines, and this is recognized legally in some countries such as the UK (Human Tissue Act 2004). [1]
The term in situ in the medical context is part of a group of two-word Latin expressions, including in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo. Similar to abbreviations, these terms support the concise transfer of essential information in medical communication. In situ is among the most widely used and versatile Latin terms in medical discourse in modern ...
This difference concerns the volume of the tumor measured in vivo which is very significantly decreased (p = 0.015) in the treated group compared to the 3 control groups (with particles and without gradient, with gradient and without particles, without gradient or particles).
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[citation needed] Since the timing and intensity of effects on a given target depend on the concentration time course of candidate drug (parent molecule or metabolites) at that target site, in vivo tissue and organ sensitivities can be completely different or even inverse of those observed on cells cultured and exposed in vitro.