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A shell-and-tube heat exchanger is a class of heat exchanger designs. [1] [2] It is the most common type of heat exchanger in oil refineries and other large chemical processes, and is suited for higher-pressure applications. As its name implies, this type of heat exchanger consists of a shell (a large pressure vessel) with a bundle of tubes ...
Material selection is a step in the process of designing any physical object. In the context of product design, the main goal of material selection is to minimize cost while meeting product performance goals. [1] Systematic selection of the best material for a given application begins with properties and costs of candidate materials.
Tubular heat exchanger Partial view into inlet plenum of shell and tube heat exchanger of a refrigerant based chiller for providing air-conditioning to a building. A heat exchanger is a system used to transfer heat between a source and a working fluid. Heat exchangers are used in both cooling and heating processes. [1]
Because heat exchangers can be configured many different ways, TEMA has standardized the nomenclature of exchanger types. [13] A letter designation is used for the front head type, shell type, and rear head type of an exchanger. For example, a fixed tubesheet exchanger with bolted removable bonnets is designated as a 'BEM' type.
The number of transfer units (NTU) method is used to calculate the rate of heat transfer in heat exchangers (especially parallel flow, counter current, and cross-flow exchangers) when there is insufficient information to calculate the log mean temperature difference (LMTD).
Temperature vs. heat load diagram of hot stream (H 2 O entering at 20 bar, 473.15 K, and 4 kg/s) and cold stream (R-11 entering at 18 bar, 303.15 K, and 5 kg/s) in a counter-flow heat exchanger. "Pinch" is the point of closest approach between the hot and cold streams in the T vs. H diagram.
Moving bed heat exchangers can be used for cooling or warming of all free-flowing bulk materials which correspond to the requirements of the apparatus, concerning grain size and angle of repose. The heat exchangers often can be found after rotary kilns and dryers to cool e.g. mineral (quartz sand, Ilmentit, etc.) or chemical products ...
The total rate of heat transfer between the hot and cold fluids passing through a plate heat exchanger may be expressed as: Q = UA∆Tm where U is the Overall heat transfer coefficient, A is the total plate area, and ∆Tm is the Log mean temperature difference. U is dependent upon the heat transfer coefficients in the hot and cold streams. [2]