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In May 1886, one of the BL 12-inch Mk II guns on board HMS Collingwood burst. [12] This made it very urgent to replace the 12-inch Mark II gun, especially on turret ships. The Marquess of Ripon, First Lord of the Admiralty then found out that the War Office had six improved and almost finished 43-ton guns under construction for the land service ...
305 mm (12.0 in) RML 12 inch 25 ton gun United Kingdom: 1860s - 1870s 305 mm (12.0 in) RML 12 inch 35 ton gun United Kingdom: 1870s 305 mm (12.0 in) BL 12 inch naval gun Mk I - VII United Kingdom: 1880s - 1890s 305 mm (12.0 in) BL 12 inch naval gun Mk VIII United Kingdom: 1890s - 1910s 305 mm (12.0 in) BL 12 inch Mk X Vickers 45-caliber
The British Ordnance BL 12 inch howitzer on truck, railway, a type of railway gun, was developed following the success of the 9.2-inch siege howitzer. It was similar but unrelated to the 12-inch siege howitzers Mk II and IV .
The Mk X increased the bore length from the Mk IX's 480 to 540 in (12 to 14 metres), increasing muzzle velocity from 2,600 to 2,700 ft/s (790 to 820 m/s). Subsequent British attempts to further increase the power of 12-inch guns led to failure with the 50-calibre Mk XI and Mk XII guns; the Mk X was the last successful 12-inch British gun.
The 12-inch (305 mm)/40 caliber gun was developed after the Spanish–American War to use the new smokeless powder that had recently been adopted by the Navy. The Mark 3, gun Nos. 15–48 and 50–56, was constructed of tube, jacket, and eight hoops.
The Navy's Policy Board call for a variety of large caliber weapons in 1890, with ranges all the way up to 16-inch (406 mm), led to the development of the 12-inch (305 mm)/35 caliber gun. The Mark 1, gun Nos. 1–8, was constructed of gun steel, having a tube, jacket, ten hoops and a locking ring. The Mod 0, the original design, had the inner ...
The 12-inch (305 mm)/45-caliber Mark 5 naval gun was designed as an incremental improvement upon the preceding American naval gun, the 12-inch/40-caliber gun Mark 4. [1] As such, it was a very similar weapon, having been lengthened by 5 calibers to allow for improved muzzle velocity, range, and penetrating power.
In an effort to increase the armour-piercing capability and range of a 12-inch gun, the 50 calibres/600 inches Mk XI's barrel was 5 calibres/60 inches longer than the previous Mk X gun's 45 calibres. As a result, muzzle velocity increased from 2,700 feet per second (820 m/s) to 2,825 feet per second (861 m/s), but bore erosion, which led to ...