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Turbo coding is an iterated soft-decoding scheme that combines two or more relatively simple convolutional codes and an interleaver to produce a block code that can perform to within a fraction of a decibel of the Shannon limit.
A checksum of a message is a modular arithmetic sum of message code words of a fixed word length (e.g., byte values). The sum may be negated by means of a ones'-complement operation prior to transmission to detect unintentional all-zero messages. Checksum schemes include parity bits, check digits, and longitudinal redundancy checks.
Used for all types of message traffic justifying transmission by rapid means, but not of sufficient urgency to require higher precedence. They should be handled as soon as traffic flow allows, but no later than the beginning of the next duty day. [37] R 8: CORRECTION Message handling Providing a correction to another station
Ignoring any lines going out of the picture, there are eight possible six-bit strings corresponding to valid codewords: (i.e., 000000, 011001, 110010, 101011, 111100, 100101, 001110, 010111). This LDPC code fragment represents a three-bit message encoded as six bits. Redundancy is used, here, to increase the chance of recovering from channel ...
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The original standard includes six message formats, 1 for correction data, 2 for updating previous corrections, 3 that provided the location of the measuring station, 6 as a null message to fill unused slots, 16 which included an arbitrary 90 ASCII characters for sending test messages, and 59, for proprietary messages used by the equipment vendors.
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