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A hypocenter or hypocentre (from Ancient Greek ὑπόκεντρον (hupókentron) 'below the center'), also called ground zero [1] [2] or surface zero, is the point on the Earth's surface directly below a nuclear explosion, meteor air burst, or other mid-air explosion.
Animation showing atmosphere and shading effects in v1.4 USGS Urban Ortho-Imagery of Huntington Beach, California in older version of WorldWind (1.2) Rapid Fire MODIS – Hurricane Katrina A cyclone moving across the Indian Ocean (on normal cloud cover – not Rapid Fire MODIS) Moon – Hypsometric Map layer Mars (THEMIS layer) – Olympus Mons Hurricane Dean in NASA WorldWind Washington DC ...
Most American geography and social studies classrooms have adopted the five themes in teaching practices, [3] as they provide "an alternative to the detrimental, but unfortunately persistent, habit of teaching geography through rote memorization". [1] They are pedagogical themes that guide how geographic content should be taught in schools. [4]
The interaction of variables and processes over time within the environmental context causes issues; "a large number of variables, the complexity of the processes, and the difficulty in observation, all place serious obstacles in the way of systematisation, therefore in certain narrow fields the basic physical theory may be sound and reliable ...
This broader knowledge of the world's geography meant that people were able to make world maps, depicting all land known. The first modern atlas was the Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, published by Abraham Ortelius, which included a world map that depicted all of Earth's continents. [4]: 32
Thus, a magnitude zero microearthquake has a seismic moment of approximately 1.1 × 10 9 N⋅m, while the Great Chilean earthquake of 1960, with an estimated moment magnitude of 9.4–9.6, had a seismic moment between 1.4 × 10 23 N⋅m and 2.8 × 10 23 N⋅m. Seismic moment magnitude (M wg or Das Magnitude Scale ) and moment magnitude (M w) scales
Ian L. McHarg (20 November 1920 – 5 March 2001) was a Scottish landscape architect and writer on regional planning using natural systems. McHarg was one of the most influential persons in the environmental movement who brought environmental concerns into broad public awareness and ecological planning methods into the mainstream of landscape architecture, city planning and public policy. [1]
It had six degrees or categories, has been described as "merely an adaptation" of the then-standard Rossi–Forel scale of 10 degrees, and is now "more or less forgotten". [3] Mercalli's second scale, published in 1902, was also an adaptation of the Rossi–Forel scale, retaining the 10 degrees and expanding the descriptions of each degree. [4]