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Convection is often categorised or described by the main effect causing the convective flow; for example, thermal convection. Convection cannot take place in most solids because neither bulk current flows nor significant diffusion of matter can take place. Granular convection is a similar phenomenon in granular material instead of fluids.
Convection is caused by yeast releasing CO2. In fluid dynamics, a convection cell is the phenomenon that occurs when density differences exist within a body of liquid or gas. These density differences result in rising and/or falling convection currents, which are the key characteristics of a convection cell. When a volume of fluid is heated, it ...
Convection (or convective heat transfer) is the transfer of heat from one place to another due to the movement of fluid. Although often discussed as a distinct method ...
Another form of convection is forced convection. In this case, the fluid is forced to flow by using a pump, fan, or other mechanical means. Convective heat transfer , or simply, convection, is the transfer of heat from one place to another by the movement of fluids , a process that is essentially the transfer of heat via mass transfer .
Heat flux vector q is composed of three macroscopic fundamental modes, which are conduction (q k = −k∇T, k: thermal conductivity), convection (q u = ρc p uT, u: velocity), and radiation (=, (), ω: angular frequency, θ: polar angle, I ph,ω: spectral, directional radiation intensity, s: unit vector), i.e., q = q k + q u + q r.
Atmospheric thermodynamics is the study of heat-to-work transformations (and their reverse) that take place in the Earth's atmosphere and manifest as weather or climate. . Atmospheric thermodynamics use the laws of classical thermodynamics, to describe and explain such phenomena as the properties of moist air, the formation of clouds, atmospheric convection, boundary layer meteorology, and ...
Thermal cross section with stronger lift (rising air) in darker shades of green, while red is sink (descending air). A thermal column (or thermal) is a rising mass of buoyant air, a convective current in the atmosphere, that transfers heat energy vertically. [1]
On Earth, the Rayleigh number for convection within Earth's mantle is estimated to be of order 10 7, which indicates vigorous convection. This value corresponds to whole mantle convection (i.e. convection extending from the Earth's surface to the border with the core). On a global scale, surface expression of this convection is the tectonic ...