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Perestroika (/ ˌ p ɛr ə ˈ s t r ɔɪ k ə / PERR-ə-STROY-kə; Russian: перестройка, IPA: [pʲɪrʲɪˈstrojkə] ⓘ) [1] was a political reform movement within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) during the late 1980s, widely associated with CPSU general secretary Mikhail Gorbachev and his glasnost (meaning "transparency") policy reform.
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev [f] [g] (2 March 1931 – 30 August 2022) was a Soviet and Russian politician and statesman who served as the last leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to the country's dissolution in 1991.
In 1986, Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev and his advisers adopted glasnost as a political slogan, together with the term perestroika. Alexander Yakovlev, Head of the Propaganda Department of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, is considered to be the intellectual force behind Gorbachev's reform program. [4]
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Gorbachev at the Brandenburg Gate in 1986 during a visit to East Germany. Gorbachev recurrently employed the term perestroika, first used publicly in March 1984. [53] He saw perestroika as encompassing a complex series of reforms to restructure society and the economy. [54]
Mr Gorbachev’s death at the age of 91 inspired an outpouring of tributes from world leaders.
The success of Gorbachev's perestroika campaign had made long-thriving local corruption intolerable, and greater knowledge of the West drove citizens to view the Soviet bureaucracy as dishonest and ineffective. [9] Several theories have been advanced as to the reasons why miners, in contrast to other industries, went on strike.
The news of the death of the last USSR leader Mikhail Gorbachev on Tuesday got little attention outside of the former Soviet Bloc. Thirty-three years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, the world ...