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  2. Numerical aperture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_aperture

    The numerical aperture with respect to a point P depends on the half-angle, θ 1, of the maximum cone of light that can enter or exit the lens and the ambient index of refraction. As a pencil of light goes through a flat plane of glass, its half-angle changes to θ 2 .

  3. Numerical methods for linear least squares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_methods_for...

    Computations for analyses that occur in a sequence, as the number of data-points increases. Special considerations for very extensive data-sets. Fitting of linear models by least squares often, but not always, arise in the context of statistical analysis. It can therefore be important that considerations of computation efficiency for such ...

  4. Interprocedural optimization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interprocedural_optimization

    Whole program optimization (WPO) is the compiler optimization of a program using information about all the modules in the program. Normally, optimizations are performed on a per module, "compiland", basis; but this approach, while easier to write and test and less demanding of resources during the compilation itself, does not allow certainty about the safety of a number of optimizations such ...

  5. Lagrange polynomial - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrange_polynomial

    In numerical analysis, the Lagrange interpolating polynomial is the unique polynomial of lowest degree that interpolates a given set of data. Given a data set of coordinate pairs ( x j , y j ) {\displaystyle (x_{j},y_{j})} with 0 ≤ j ≤ k , {\displaystyle 0\leq j\leq k,} the x j {\displaystyle x_{j}} are called nodes and the y j ...

  6. Computational lithography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_lithography

    Efforts to improve resolution by increasing the numerical aperture have led to the use of immersion lithography. As further improvements in resolution through wavelength reduction or increases in numerical aperture have become either technically challenging or economically unfeasible, much attention has been paid to reducing the k1-factor.

  7. Near-field scanning optical microscope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-field_scanning...

    Here, λ 0 is the wavelength in vacuum; NA is the numerical aperture for the optical component (maximum 1.3–1.4 for modern objectives with a very high magnification factor). Thus, the resolution limit is usually around λ 0 /2 for conventional optical microscopy.

  8. List of numerical analysis topics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_numerical_analysis...

    International Workshops on Lattice QCD and Numerical Analysis; Timeline of numerical analysis after 1945; General classes of methods: Collocation method — discretizes a continuous equation by requiring it only to hold at certain points; Level-set method. Level set (data structures) — data structures for representing level sets

  9. Etendue - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etendue

    The limit on maximum concentration (shown) is an optic with an entrance aperture S, in air (n i = 1) collecting light within a solid angle of angle 2α (its acceptance angle) and sending it to a smaller area receiver Σ immersed in a medium of refractive index n, whose points are illuminated within a solid angle of angle 2β. From the above ...