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LDL particles are approximately 22 nm (0.00000087 in.) to 27.5 nm in diameter and have a mass of about 3 million daltons. [7] Since LDL particles contain a variable and changing number of fatty acid molecules, there is a distribution of LDL particle mass and size. [4]
The uptake of LDL-C alone does not cause foam cell formation; however, the co-internalization of LDL-C with modified LDL in macrophages can result in foam cell development. Modified LDL affects the intracellular trafficking and metabolism of native LDL, such that not all LDL need to be modified for foam cell formation when LDL levels are high. [13]
A protein specific to chylomicrons is ApoB48. There is an inverse relationship in the density and size of lipoprotein particles: fats have a lower density than water or smaller protein molecules, and the larger particles have a higher ratio of internal fat molecules with respect to the outer emulsifying protein molecules in the shell. ULDLs, if ...
10-20 Apolipoproteins B 48, Al, All B 100 CI, CII B 100: AI, AII, CI Composition (% of total content) · Protein 2 10 20 40 · Lipid 98 90 80 60 Lipid component (% of total lipid content) · Triglycerides 88 55 12 12 · Cholesteryl esters 4 24 59 40 · Phospholipids 8 20 28 47 · Free fatty acids - 1 1 1
Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), density relative to extracellular water, is a type of lipoprotein made by the liver. [1] VLDL is one of the five major groups of lipoproteins (chylomicrons, VLDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein) that enable fats and cholesterol to move within the water-based solution of the bloodstream.
LDLR pathway Schematic representation of the LDL receptor protein. The LDL receptor gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 19 (19p13.1-13.3). [9] It comprises 18 exons and spans 45 kb, and the protein gene product contains 839 amino acids in mature form. A single abnormal copy (heterozygote) of FH causes cardiovascular disease by the ...
In humans, excess cholesterol in the blood is captured by low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and removed by the liver via endocytosis of the LDL receptor. [4] Recent evidence indicates that the members of the LDL receptor gene family are active in the cell signalling pathways between specialized cells in many, if not all, multicellular organisms. [5 ...
4018 n/a Ensembl ENSG00000198670 n/a UniProt P08519 n/a RefSeq (mRNA) NM_005577 n/a RefSeq (protein) n/a n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 6: 160.53 – 160.66 Mb n/a PubMed search n/a Wikidata View/Edit Human Lipoprotein(a) is a low-density lipoprotein variant containing a protein called apolipoprotein(a). Genetic and epidemiological studies have identified lipoprotein(a) as a risk factor for ...