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History of Optics (audio mp3) by Simon Schaffer, Professor in History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Cambridge, Jim Bennett, Director of the Museum of the History of Science at the University of Oxford and Emily Winterburn, Curator of Astronomy at the National Maritime Museum (recorded by the BBC
The word 'Photonics' is derived from the Greek word "phos" meaning light (which has genitive case "photos" and in compound words the root "photo-" is used); it appeared in the late 1960s to describe a research field whose goal was to use light to perform functions that traditionally fell within the typical domain of electronics, such as telecommunications, information processing, etc ...
Optical engineers use the science of optics to solve problems and to design and build devices that make light do something useful. [3] They design and operate optical equipment that uses the properties of light using physics and chemistry , [ 4 ] such as lenses , microscopes , telescopes , lasers , sensors , fiber-optic communication systems ...
A replica of a Chappe telegraph tower (18th century). A 'semaphore telegraph', also called a 'semaphore line', 'optical telegraph', 'shutter telegraph chain', 'Chappe telegraph', or 'Napoleonic semaphore', is a system used for conveying information by means of visual signals, using towers with pivoting arms or shutters, also known as blades or paddles.
1021 – Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) writes the Book of Optics, studying vision. 1088 – Shen Kuo first recognizes magnetic declination. 1187 – Alexander Neckham is first in Europe to describe the magnetic compass and its use in navigation.
A photophone receiver and headset, one half of Bell and Tainter's optical telecommunication system of 1880. Optical communications, in various forms, have been used for thousands of years. The ancient Greeks used a coded alphabetic system of signalling with torches developed by Cleoxenus, Democleitus and Polybius. [1]
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A computer system tracks the patient's eye position 60 to 4,000 times per second, depending on the brand of laser used, redirecting laser pulses for precise placement. Most modern lasers will automatically center on the patient's visual axis and will pause if the eye moves out of range and then resume ablating at that point after the patient's ...