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The syndrome is marked by the appearance of characteristic lesions, known as phlyctenules, on the cornea and/or conjunctiva.These usually manifest as small (1 - 3 [1] or 1 - 4 [2] mm) raised nodules, pinkish-white or yellow in color, which may ulcerate (or, more rarely, necrose) and are often surrounded by dilated blood vessels.
Conjunctivitis is the most common eye disease. [45] Rates of disease is related to the underlying cause which varies by the age as well as the time of year. Acute conjunctivitis is most frequently found in infants, school-age children and the elderly. [18] The most common cause of infectious conjunctivitis is viral conjunctivitis. [26]
Adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis, also known as epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, is a contagious eye infection, a type of adenovirus disease caused by adenoviruses. [1] It typically presents as a conjunctivitis with a sudden onset of a painful red eye, watery discharge and feeling that something is in the eye. [3]
Floppy eyelid syndrome (FES) is a disease whose most prominent features often include floppy upper eyelids that can be easily everted, as well as papillary conjunctivitis. [1] It is often associated with patients with high body mass index and obstructive sleep apnea .
Acute bacterial conjunctivitis [1] Trauma; Exposure keratopathy from poor eyelid closure; Ultraviolet or chemical burn; Contact lens-related disorder such as toxicity or tight lens syndrome; Trichiasis; Entropion or ectropion; Floppy eyelid syndrome; Chemotherapy i.e. cytosine arabinoside; Thygeson's Superficial Punctate Keratopathy
[2] 75% of conjunctivitis cases are due to adenovirus infection. [13] In 2016, the Global Burden of Disease Study estimated that globally, around 75 million episodes of diarrhea among children under the age of five-years, were attributable to adenovirus infection. [12] The first adenoviral strains were isolated in 1953 by Rowe et al. [14]
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC, also Spring catarrh, Vernal catarrh or Warm weather conjunctivitis) is a recurrent, bilateral, and self-limiting type of conjunctivitis (pink eye) having a periodic seasonal incidence.
The development and pathophysiology of SLK is not well understood, but appears to involve microtrauma of keratoconjunctival surfaces. [6] This mechanical hypothesis is supported by the increased lid apposition of exophthalmic thyroid patients, who are known to have an increased incidence of superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis.