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  2. Leibniz's notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibniz's_notation

    Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (1646–1716), German philosopher, mathematician, and namesake of this widely used mathematical notation in calculus.. In calculus, Leibniz's notation, named in honor of the 17th-century German philosopher and mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, uses the symbols dx and dy to represent infinitely small (or infinitesimal) increments of x and y, respectively ...

  3. cis (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cis_(mathematics)

    cis (mathematics) cis is a mathematical notation defined by cis x = cos x + i sin x, [nb 1] where cos is the cosine function, i is the imaginary unit and sin is the sine function. x is the argument of the complex number (angle between line to point and x-axis in polar form). The notation is less commonly used in mathematics than Euler's formula ...

  4. Alternating series test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_series_test

    t. e. In mathematical analysis, the alternating series test is the method used to show that an alternating series is convergent when its terms (1) decrease in absolute value, and (2) approach zero in the limit. The test was used by Gottfried Leibniz and is sometimes known as Leibniz's test, Leibniz's rule, or the Leibniz criterion.

  5. Convergence tests - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergence_tests

    v. t. e. In mathematics, convergence tests are methods of testing for the convergence, conditional convergence, absolute convergence, interval of convergence or divergence of an infinite series .

  6. Vector calculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_calculus

    Vector calculus or vector analysis is a branch of mathematics concerned with the differentiation and integration of vector fields, primarily in three-dimensional Euclidean space, . [1] The term vector calculus is sometimes used as a synonym for the broader subject of multivariable calculus, which spans vector calculus as well as partial differentiation and multiple integration.

  7. History of calculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_calculus

    History of calculus. Calculus, originally called infinitesimal calculus, is a mathematical discipline focused on limits, continuity, derivatives, integrals, and infinite series. Many elements of calculus appeared in ancient Greece, then in China and the Middle East, and still later again in medieval Europe and in India.