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Sheep and goats are both small ruminants with cosmopolitan distributions due to their being kept historically and in modern times as grazers both individually and in herds in return for their production of milk, wool, and meat. [1] As such, the diseases of these animals are of great economic importance to humans.
Common symptoms of ketosis are anorexia, abdominal discomfort, and nausea, sometimes progressing to vomiting. [7] However, the diagnosis of ketotic hypoglycemia poses a challenge to clinicians, given how nonspecific symptoms can be and given that children in this age range are typically unable to describe their symptoms. [2]
Ketosis is a metabolic state characterized by elevated levels of ketone bodies in the blood or urine. Physiological ketosis is a normal response to low glucose availability. . In physiological ketosis, ketones in the blood are elevated above baseline levels, but the body's acid–base homeostasis is maintain
While ketosis refers to any elevation of blood ketones, ketoacidosis is a specific pathologic condition that results in changes in blood pH and requires medical attention. The most common cause of ketoacidosis is diabetic ketoacidosis but it can also be caused by alcohol, medications, toxins, and rarely, starvation.
Parasitic bronchitis, also known as hoose, husk, or verminous bronchitis, [1] is a disease of sheep, cattle, goats, [2] and swine caused by the presence of various species of parasite, commonly known as lungworms, [3] in the bronchial tubes or in the lungs. It is marked by cough, dyspnea, anorexia and constipation.
The ketogenic diet is beneficial in treating the seizures and some other symptoms in these diseases and is an absolute indication. [38] However, it is absolutely contraindicated in the treatment of other diseases such as pyruvate carboxylase deficiency , porphyria , and other rare genetic disorders of fat metabolism . [ 19 ]
The most common causes of high anion gap metabolic acidosis are: ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis, kidney failure, and toxic ingestions. [3]Ketoacidosis can occur as a complication of diabetes mellitus (diabetic ketoacidosis), but can occur due to other disorders, such as chronic alcoholism and malnutrition.
This whipworm species was first discovered in 1795 and is known to infect sheep and goats. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] These organisms are capable of inhabiting any region that has the aforementioned hosts, as can be attested by the numerous reports of T. ovis findings throughout North and South America, Australia, Europe, and Asia. [ 1 ]