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A conserved non-coding sequence (CNS) is a DNA sequence of noncoding DNA that is evolutionarily conserved. These sequences are of interest for their potential to regulate gene production. [1] CNSs in plants [2] and animals [1] are highly associated with transcription factor binding sites and other cis-acting regulatory elements.
The central nervous system (CNS) controls most of the functions of the body and mind. It comprises the brain, spinal cord and the nerve fibers that branch off to all parts of the body. The CNS viral diseases are caused by viruses that attack the CNS. Existing and emerging viral CNS infections are major sources of human morbidity and mortality.
When the bacterial DNA packaged into the virus is inserted into the recipient cell three things can happen to it: [citation needed] [5] The DNA is recycled for spare parts. If the DNA was originally a plasmid , it will re-circularize inside the new cell and become a plasmid again.
Bacteria that are growing logarithmically differ from stationary phase bacteria with regard to the number of genome copies present in the cell, and this has implications for the ability to carry out an important DNA repair process. During logarithmic growth, two or more copies of any particular region of the chromosome are ordinarily present in ...
In bacterial conjugation, DNA is transferred via cell-to-cell communication. Cell-to-cell communication may involve plasmids that allow for the transfer of DNA into another neighboring cell. [19] The neighboring cells absorb the F-plasmid (fertility plasmid: inherited material that is present in the chromosome).
Since integration of the F-plasmid into the E. coli chromosome is a rare spontaneous occurrence, and since the numerous genes promoting DNA transfer are in the plasmid genome rather than in the bacterial genome, it has been argued that conjugative bacterial gene transfer, as it occurs in the E. coli Hfr system, is not an evolutionary adaptation ...
Bacterial conjugation is the transfer of genetic material (plasmid) between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a bridge-like connection between two cells. [1] Discovered in 1946 by Joshua Lederberg and Edward Tatum, [ 2 ] conjugation is a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer as are transformation and transduction although ...
HGT is responsible for much of the spread of antibiotic resistance among bacteria. [10] Gene cassettes containing antibiotic resistance genes, or other virulence factors such as exotoxins, can be transferred from cell to cell via phage, transduction , taken up from the environment, transformation , [ 11 ] or by bacterial conjugation. [ 12 ]