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Southern British tribes before the Roman invasion. In common with other regions on the edge of the empire, Britain had enjoyed diplomatic and trading links with the Romans in the century since Julius Caesar's expeditions in 55 and 54 BC, and Roman economic and cultural influence was a significant part of the British late pre-Roman Iron Age, especially in the south.
In 383, the Roman general then assigned to Britain, Magnus Maximus, launched his successful bid for imperial power, [1] crossing to Gaul with his troops. He killed the Western Roman Emperor Gratian and ruled Gaul and Britain as Caesar (i.e., as a "sub-emperor" under Theodosius I). 383 is the last date for any evidence of a Roman presence in the north and west of Britain, [2] perhaps excepting ...
A significant date in sub-Roman Britain is the Groans of the Britons, an unanswered appeal to Aetius, leading general of the western Empire, for assistance against Saxon invasion in 446. Another is the Battle of Deorham in 577, after which the significant cities of Bath , Cirencester and Gloucester fell and the Saxons reached the western sea.
The Battle of Fishguard was a military invasion of Great Britain by Revolutionary France during the War of the First Coalition. The brief campaign, on 22–24 February 1797, is the most recent landing on British soil by a hostile foreign force, and thus is often referred to as the "last invasion of mainland Britain".
The end of Roman rule in Britain facilitated the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain, which historians often regard as the origin of England and of the English people. The Anglo-Saxons, a collection of various Germanic peoples, established several kingdoms that became the primary powers in present-day England and parts of southern Scotland. [3]
Reign of Cunobelinus, an influential king of southern England before the Roman occupation; son of Tasciovanus [2] 43: Aulus Plautius leads an army of forty thousand to invade Great Britain; [3] Emperor Claudius makes Britain a part of the Roman Empire [4] C. 47 – 50 London settled by the Romans, known as Londinium [5]
But after World War II, historians began to question if Caesar's claims stood up. [8] [81] Historian David Henige takes issue with the supposed population and warrior counts. Caesar claims that he could estimate the population of the Helvetii because in their camp there was a census, written in Greek on tablets, which had shown 263,000 Helvetii ...
The 1386 invasion by France was organised but never executed during the Hundred Years' War; The 1470 invasion in support of the Readeption of Henry VI; The 1471 invasion of Edward IV leading to the final deposing of Henry VI of England; The 1485 invasion via Wales by Henry Tudor leading to the Battle of Bosworth Field