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Dynamic Amplification Factor (DAF) or Dynamic Increase Factor (DIF), is a dimensionless number which describes how many times the deflections or stresses should be multiplied to the deflections or stresses caused by the static loads when a dynamic load is applied on to a structure. [1]
Population dynamics is the type of mathematics used to model and study the size and age composition of populations as dynamical systems.Population dynamics is a branch of mathematical biology, and uses mathematical techniques such as differential equations to model behaviour.
For example, with an annual growth rate of 4.8% the doubling time is 14.78 years, and a doubling time of 10 years corresponds to a growth rate between 7% and 7.5% (actually about 7.18%). When applied to the constant growth in consumption of a resource, the total amount consumed in one doubling period equals the total amount consumed in all ...
In econometrics, a dynamic factor (also known as a diffusion index) is a series which measures the co-movement of many time series. It is used in certain macroeconomic models. A diffusion index is intended to indicate the changes of the fraction of economic data time series which increase or decrease over the selected time interval,
The Fanning friction factor (named after American engineer John T. Fanning) is a dimensionless number used as a local parameter in continuum mechanics calculations. It is defined as the ratio between the local shear stress and the local flow kinetic energy density: [1] [2]
The above SDOF dynamic equilibrium equation in the case p(t)=0 is the homogeneous equation: + ¯ + ¯ =, where ¯ =, ¯ =The solution of this equation is: = (¯ + ¯ ¯) + (¯ + ¯ ¯)
Theoretically, it is easy to calculate ecological efficiency using the mathematical relationships above. It is often difficult, however, to obtain accurate measurements of the values involved in the calculation. Assessing ingestion, for example, requires knowledge of the gross amount of food consumed in an ecosystem as well as its caloric ...
Given these assumptions, the flux of oxidant through each of the three phases can be expressed in terms of concentrations, material properties, and temperature. = = = where: is the gas-phase transport coefficient, is the concentration of oxidant in the surrounding atmosphere, is the concentration of oxidant in the surface of the oxide, is the concentration of the oxidant at the interface ...