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The opposite of a mechanically isolated system is a mechanically open system, [citation needed] which allows the transfer of mechanical energy. For a simple system, a mechanically open boundary is one that is allowed to move under pressure differences between the two sides of the boundary. At mechanical equilibrium, the pressures on both sides ...
The concept of an isolated system can serve as a useful model approximating many real-world situations. It is an acceptable idealization used in constructing mathematical models of certain natural phenomena ; e.g., the planets in the Solar System , and the proton and electron in a hydrogen atom are often treated as isolated systems.
Galvanic isolation is a principle of isolating functional sections of electrical systems to prevent current flow; no direct conduction path is permitted. [1] [2] Energy or information can still be exchanged between the sections by other means, such as capacitive, inductive, radiative, optical, acoustic, or mechanical coupling.
In nonrelativistic classical mechanics, a closed system is a physical system that does not exchange any matter with its surroundings, and is not subject to any net force whose source is external to the system. [1] [2] A closed system in classical mechanics would be equivalent to an isolated system in thermodynamics. Closed systems are often ...
A mechanical computer is a computer built from mechanical components such as levers and gears rather than electronic components. The most common examples are adding machines and mechanical counters , which use the turning of gears to increment output displays.
Overall, in an isolated system, the internal energy is constant and the entropy can never decrease. A closed system's entropy can decrease e.g. when heat is extracted from the system. Isolated systems are not equivalent to closed systems. Closed systems cannot exchange matter with the surroundings, but can exchange energy.
Scaling of isolation with transistor size. Isolation pitch is the sum of the transistor width and the trench isolation distance. As the isolation pitch shrinks, the narrow channel width effect becomes more apparent.
Isolation (database systems), how and when the changes made by one operation become visible to other concurrent operations; In computer security, another name for software sandboxing; Vibration isolation, in engineering, the process of isolating an object from the source of vibrations