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The relation between and are given by the following table, where the values for DRMS and 2DRMS (twice the distance root mean square) are specific to the Rayleigh distribution and are found numerically, while the CEP, R95 (95% radius) and R99.7 (99.7% radius) values are defined based on the 68–95–99.7 rule
An object with a large projected area relative to its mass, such as a parachute, has a lower terminal velocity than one with a small projected area relative to its mass, such as a dart. In general, for the same shape and material, the terminal velocity of an object increases with size.
The effect of streamlining on the relative proportions of skin friction and form drag is shown in the table at right for an airfoil, which is a streamlined body, and a cylinder, which is a bluff body.
For two indistinguishable particles, a state before the particle exchange must be physically equivalent to the state after the exchange, so these two states differ at most by a complex phase factor. This fact suggests that a state for two indistinguishable (and non-interacting) particles is given by following two possibilities: [2] [3] [4]
This radius to mass relationship has its roots in the liquid drop model as proposed by Gamow in 1930. [12] The graph on the right plots the radius-to-mass of the experimental charge radius (blue line) [2] as compared to the spherical approximation (green line). For light nuclides below A=40, the smooth curvilinear spherical radius plot ...
Each generation contains two types of leptons and two types of quarks. The two leptons may be classified into one with electric charge −1 (electron-like) and neutral (neutrino); the two quarks may be classified into one with charge − 1 ⁄ 3 (down-type) and one with charge + 2 ⁄ 3 (up-type).
The constituent particles of an atom are the electron, the proton, and the neutron. The electron is the least massive of these particles by four orders of magnitude at 9.11 × 10 −31 kg, with a negative electrical charge and a size that is too small to be measured using available techniques. [36]
The middle solid lines represent a virtual pair of particles (electron and positron for QED, pions for the nuclear force). The one-loop contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron, corresponding to the first-order and largest correction in QED, is found by calculating the vertex function shown in